Avaliação de resultados: informações básicas para atores do planejamento / Evaluation of results: basic information for planning actors

É fundamental oferecer subsídios para que os atores do planejamento em saúde possam aprimorar o monitoramento e avaliação dos resultados das metas pactuadas nos instrumentos de planejamento. Partindo-se deste princípio, a cartilha tem por objetivo auxiliar na sistematização desta prática visando qualificar a gestão de resultados.

Guia de planejamento da gestão do trabalho e da educação na saúde no âmbito estadual e municipal do sistema único de saúde (SUS) / Work management and health education planning guide at the state and municipal levels of the unified health system health (SUS)

O planejamento no SUS é um requisito legal e essencial para garantir a direção da gestão e organização das ações e serviços de saúde, bem como a alocação de recursos necessários para enfrentar os problemas do sistema de saúde e melhorar sua capacidade de resposta às demandas da população. A Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES) do Ministério da Saúde busca apoiar gestores, técnicos e conselheiros de saúde na elaboração do Plano Estadual de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (PEGTES). O plano proposto será desenvolvido pelas equipes estaduais vinculadas ao setor, com oficinas regionais e encontros mensais, visando à identificação, classificação, priorização e análise dos problemas e necessidades da área de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde. O objetivo é alcançar metas e ações estratégicas para o período 2024-2027, fortalecendo a gestão descentralizada e participativa do SUS e melhorando as condições de trabalho e a qualidade da atenção prestada à população. A metodologia proposta inclui a elaboração de matrizes de análise e planejamento para subsidiar o processo de construção do plano estadual. O resultado esperado é que até o final do ano, cada estado tenha seu PEGTES legitimado nas instâncias de gestão e controle social do SUS.

Planning within the Unified Health System (SUS) is not only a legal requirement but also a relevant mechanism to ensure the direction of management and organization of actions and services, as well as the identification and allocation of resources needed to address and overcome health system issues, thereby improving its responsiveness to the population's health demands and needs. Through this publication, the Ministry of Health's Secretariat for Health Workforce and Education (SGTES) aims to support health managers, technicians, and health councilors in developing the State Plan for Health Workforce and Education (PEGTES). The plan will be developed by state teams linked to the Health Workforce and Education Management sector (GTES) in the 26 State Health Departments (SES), with technical support from the SGTES team, from June to November 2023. It presents a proposal for organizing the planning process, as well as the theoretical and methodological content that will underpin the development of PEGTES, including concepts, methods, and tools for identifying, classifying, prioritizing, and analyzing GTES-related problems and needs. These form the basis for setting objectives and goals to be achieved during the 2024-2027 period, through the implementation of corresponding strategic actions within each specific objective of the "operational modules" of PEGTES, along with their respective responsible parties, necessary resources, and indicators for monitoring and periodic evaluation. The PEGTES development process, based on the proposed methodology, will begin with regional workshops in June 2023, followed by monthly meetings of state teams with the national coordination, where partial products (chapters of the Plan) will be presented, simultaneously shared with the respective sectors responsible for developing the State Health Plan in each SES. Thus, it is expected that by the end of the current year, each SES will have its PEGTES, legitimized in the SUS management and social control instances of each state, i.e., in the Bipartite Intermanager Commission (CIB) and the State Health Council (CES). With this initiative, they believe in strengthening the decentralized and participatory management of SUS, with a special focus on constructing policies, plans, and projects that contribute to addressing GTES-related issues, aiming at rationalizing and improving the working conditions and adapting the professional profiles of SUS workers to the system's needs, and enhancing the quality of care provided to the population.

El planeamiento en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), además de ser un requisito legal, es también uno de los mecanismos relevantes para asegurar la dirección de la gestión y organización de acciones y servicios, así como la identificación y asignación de recursos necesarios para enfrentar y superar los problemas del sistema de salud, mejorando su capacidad de respuesta a las demandas y necesidades de salud de la población. A través de esta publicación, la Secretaría de Gestión del Trabajo y la Educación en Salud (SGTES) del Ministerio de Salud (MS) pretende apoyar a gestores, técnicos y consejeros de salud en la elaboración del Plan Estatal de Gestión del Trabajo y la Educación en Salud (PEGTES). El plan será desarrollado por equipos estatales vinculados al sector de Gestión del Trabajo y la Educación en Salud (GTES) en las 26 Secretarías Estatales de Salud (SES), con apoyo técnico del equipo de SGTES, de junio a noviembre de 2023. Se presenta una propuesta para la organización del proceso de planificación, así como el contenido teórico-metodológico que respaldará el desarrollo de PEGTES, incluyendo conceptos, métodos e instrumentos para la identificación, clasificación, priorización y análisis de los problemas y necesidades del área de GTES, que constituyen la base para establecer objetivos y metas a ser alcanzados durante el período 2024-2027, mediante la ejecución de acciones estratégicas correspondientes a cada objetivo específico de los "módulos operativos" del PEGTES, con sus respectivos responsables, recursos necesarios e indicadores para el seguimiento y evaluación periódica. El proceso de desarrollo de PEGTES, basado en la metodología propuesta, comenzará con talleres regionales en junio de 2023, seguidos de reuniones mensuales de los equipos estatales con la coordinación nacional del proceso, donde se presentarán productos parciales (capítulos del Plan) y se compartirán con los respectivos sectores responsables de desarrollar el Plan Estatal de Salud en cada SES. Se espera que, al finalizar el presente año, cada SES cuente con su PEGTES, legitimado en las instancias de gestión y control social del SUS en cada estado, es decir, en la Comisión Intergestores Bipartita (CIB) y el Consejo Estatal de Salud (CES). Con esto, se busca fortalecer la gestión descentralizada y participativa del SUS, con énfasis especial en la construcción de políticas, planes y proyectos que contribuyan a abordar los problemas del área de GTES, con el objetivo de racionalizar y mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y adaptar los perfiles profesionales del personal de salud del SUS a las necesidades del sistema y mejorar la calidad de la atención prestada a la población.

Educação permanente em Saúde: Design Thinking para planejamento e construção de diretrizes / Educación permanente en salud: Design Thinking para planificar y construir lineamientos / Permanent education in health: Design Thinking for planning and constructing guidelines

Resumo Objetivo analisar o percurso do planejamento e construção de diretrizes de Educação Permanente em Saúde em uma regional de saúde. Método pesquisa participativa, desenvolvida pelo Design Thinking como estratégia colaborativa para o planejamento e construção de diretrizes de Educação Permanente em Saúde em uma Regional de Saúde do estado do Paraná-Brasil. Participaram gestores municipais, profissionais de saúde e representantes da Regional de Saúde, totalizando 32 participantes. Realizaram-se análise documental, grupos focais e formulários online para coleta de dados, que foram analisados segundo a Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde e a concepção dialógica problematizadora do percurso colaborativo. Resultados apontaram que o planejamento regional descreve ações de educação em saúde majoritariamente generalistas e quantificáveis, e que suscitaram inquietudes quando refletidas coletivamente. A atividade colaborativa oportunizou espaços de problematização do planejamento de Educação Permanente em Saúde, relações dialógicas, construção de conhecimento ancorado na ressignificação das práticas e elaboração coparticipativa de diretrizes qualitativas de educação permanente pautadas na reflexão da realidade vivenciada. Considerações finais implicações para prática o Design Thinking promoveu protagonismo e transformação de saberes e gestão por meio do diálogo emancipatório. O estudo corrobora de forma significativa a adoção do planejamento coparticipativo e regional de Educação Permanente em Saúde pela ressignificação das práticas.

Resumen Objetivo analizar el curso de planificación y construcción de directrices para la Educación Permanente en Salud en una regional de salud. Método investigación participativa, desarrollada por Design Thinking como estrategia colaborativa para la planificación y construcción de directrices para la Educación Permanente en Salud en una Regional de Salud del estado de Paraná, Brasil. Participaron gestores municipales, profesionales de la salud y representantes de la Región Sanitaria, totalizando 32 participantes. Se realizaron análisis documentales, grupos focales y formularios en línea para la recolección de datos, los cuales fueron analizados de acuerdo con la Política Nacional de Educación Permanente en Salud y la concepción dialógica problematizadora del camino colaborativo. Resultados señalaron que la planificación regional describe mayoritariamente acciones de educación en salud generalistas y cuantificables, y que suscitó preocupación cuando se reflexiona colectivamente. La actividad colaborativa brindó espacios para cuestionar la planificación de la Educación Permanente en Salud, las relaciones dialógicas, la construcción de saberes anclados en la redefinición de prácticas y la elaboración coparticipativa de lineamientos cualitativos para la educación permanente a partir del reflejo de la realidad vivida. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica el Design Thinking promovió el protagonismo y la transformación del conocimiento y la gestión a través del diálogo emancipador. El estudio corrobora significativamente la adopción de la planificación coparticipativa y regional para la Educación Permanente en Salud por medio de la redefinición de prácticas.

Abstract Objective to analyze the course of planning and construction of guidelines for Permanent Education in Health in a health regional. Method participatory research, developed by Design Thinking as a collaborative strategy for the planning and construction of guidelines for Permanent Education in Health in a Health Region in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Municipal managers, health professionals, and representatives of the Health Region participated, totaling 32 participants. Documentary analysis, focus groups and online forms for data collection were carried out, which were analyzed according to the Brazilian National Policy on Permanent Education in Health and the problematizing dialogic conception of collaborative path. Results they pointed out that regional planning describes mostly generalist and quantifiable health education actions, and that raised concerns when collectively reflected. The collaborative activity provided spaces for questioning the planning of Permanent Health Education, dialogical relationships, construction of knowledge anchored in the re-signification of practices and co-participatory elaboration of qualitative Permanent Health Education guidelines based on the reflection of experienced reality. Final considerations and implications for practice Design Thinking promoted leading role and transformation of knowledge and management through emancipatory dialogue. The study significantly corroborates the adoption of co-participatory and regional planning for Permanent Education in Health by redefining practices.

Promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns from a synthesis of case studies.

A combination of public health campaigns and routine primary healthcare services are used in many countries to maximise the number of people reached with interventions to prevent, control, eliminate or eradicate diseases. Health campaigns have historically been organised within vertical (disease-specific) programmes, which are often funded, planned and implemented independently from one another and from routinely offered primary healthcare services. Global health agencies have voiced support for enhancing campaign effectiveness, including campaign efficiency and equity, through collaboration among vertical programmes. However, limited guidance is available to country-level campaign planners and implementers about how to effectively integrate campaigns. Planning is critical to the implementation of effective health campaigns, including those related to neglected tropical diseases, malaria, vitamin A supplementation and vaccine-preventable diseases, including polio, measles and meningitis. However, promising approaches to planning integrated health campaigns have not been sufficiently documented. This manuscript highlights promising practices for the collaborative planning of integrated health campaigns that emerged from the experiences of eight project teams working in three WHO regions. Adoption of the promising practices described in this paper could lead to enhanced collaboration among campaign stakeholders, increased agreement about the need for and anticipated benefits of campaign integration, and enhanced understanding of effective planning of integrated health campaigns.

Understanding the role of village fund and administrative capacity in stunting reduction: Empirical evidence from Indonesia.

The Indonesian government launched various programs to handle stunting cases, including village funds. This paper examined the effects of village fund programs and village apparatuses' capacities to combat stunting based on aggregate data at the district level in Indonesia. Using descriptive data analysis and fixed effect panel regression, we observed that village fund programs could significantly reduce Indonesia's stunting prevalence, especially outside Java. It also revealed that the increasing education of regional leaders does not necessarily positively impact leaders' skills in handling stunting. At the same time, the number of village officials has a statistically significant influence on reducing stunting prevalence. It advised that the village budget fund can support national priorities in tackling the prevalence of stunting. Furthermore, it is essential to build the capacity of the village head for increasing awareness of health activities, especially early prevention of stunting, in addition to an adequate number of officials.

Territorio Covid: un análisis desde la determinación social / Covid territory: an analysis from the social determination

El presente trabajo persigue los siguientes objetivos: a) Problematizar el concepto de territorio en la pandemia de COVID-19 a partir de la perspectiva de la determinación social. b) Describir socio-históricamente el territorio de atención de la salud en México. c) Establecer líneas de análisis de las expresiones del territorio de atención de la salud en México de acuerdo a los niveles estructurales macro, d) meso y e) micro. Los efectos de la infección biológica de un virus tienen una determinación social que a su vez reconfiguran un territorio covid que resalta los efectos tardíos de las políticas estructurales neoliberales encrudeciendo las desigualdades e inequidades socio históricas. El macro territorio Covid es complejo en sus determinaciones, estructurado a partir de la trama de actores de la implementación de las políticas donde sería preciso indagar la relación entre política sanitaria y territorio refiriéndonos a la singularidad de lo "sectorial" y a sus diferencias con otras lógicas como la "territorial", a fin de conformar un territorio-salud considerando los nudos críticos de desigualdades estructurales.

This paper has the following objectives: a) Problematize the concept of territory in the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of social determination. b) Describe socio-historically the territory of health care in Mexico. c) Establish lines of analysis of the expressions of the territory of health care in Mexico according to the macro, d) meso and e) micro structural levels. The effects of the biological infection of a virus have a social determination that in turn reconfigures a COVID territory that highlights the late effects of neoliberal structural policies, starving socio-historical inequalities and inequities.

Rebuilding a US Federal Data Strategy After the End of the "Community Health Status Indicators".

For nearly 2 decades, the Community Health Status Indicators tool reliably supplied communities with standardized, local health data and the capacity for peer-community comparisons. At the same time, it created a large community of users who shared learning in addressing local health needs. The tool survived a transition from the Health Resources and Services Administration to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention before being shuttered in 2017. While new community data tools have come online, nothing has replaced Community Health Status Indicators, and many stakeholders continue to clamor for something new that will enable local health needs assessments, peer comparisons, and creation of a community of solutions. The National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics heard from many stakeholders that they still need a replacement data source. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10):1865-1873. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306437).

Transformation of Cancer Care during and after the COVID Pandemic, a point of no return. The Experience of Italy.

Policymakers everywhere struggle to introduce therapeutic innovation while controlling costs, a particular challenge for the universal Italian National Healthcare System (SSN), which spends only 8.8% of GDP to care for one of the world's oldest populations. Oncology provides a telling example, where innovation has dramatically improved care and survival, transforming cancer into a chronic condition. However, innovation has also increased therapy duration, adverse event management, and service demand. The SSN risks collapse unless centralized cancer planning changes gear, particularly with Covid-19 causing treatment delays, worsening patient prognosis and straining capacity. In view of the 750 billion Euro "Next Generation EU", released by the European Union to relieve Member States hit by the pandemic, the SSN tapped a multidisciplinary research team to identify key strategies for equitable uptake of innovations in treatment and delivery, with emphasis on data-driven technological and managerial advancements - and lessons from Covid-19.

Scenario modelling as planning evidence to improve access to emergency obstetric care in eastern Indonesia.

The rate of maternal deaths in remote areas in eastern Indonesia-where geographic conditions are difficult and the standard of infrastructure is poor-is high. Long travel times needed to reach emergency obstetric care (EMOC) is one cause of maternal death. District governments in eastern Indonesia need effective planning to improve access to EMOC. The aim of this study was to develop a scenario modelling tool to be used in planning to improve access to EMOC in eastern Indonesia. The scenario model was developed using the geographic information system tool in NetLogo. This model has two inputs: the location of the EMOC facility (PONED) and the travel cost of moving across geographical features in the rainy and dry seasons. We added a cost-benefit analysis to the model: cost is the budget for building the infrastructure; benefit is the number of people who can travel to the EMOC in less than 1 hour if the planned infrastructure is built. We introduced the tool to representative midwives from all districts of Nusa Tenggara Timur province and to staff of Kupang district planning agency. We found that the tool can model accessibility to EMOC based on weather conditions; compare alternative infrastructure planning scenarios based on cost-benefit analysis; enable users to identify and mark poor infrastructure; and model travel across the ocean. Lay people can easily use the tool through interactive scenario modelling: midwives can use it for evidence to support planning proposals to improve access to EMOC in their district; district planning agencies can use it to choose the best plan to improve access to EMOC. Scenario modelling has potential for use in evidence-based planning to improve access to EMOC in low-income and lower-middle-income countries with poor infrastructure, difficult geography conditions, limited budgets and lack of trained personnel.

London 2017: Lessons learned in transfusion emergency planning.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hospitals prepare for emergencies, but the impact on transfusion staff is rarely discussed. We describe the transfusion response to four major incidents (MIs) during a 6-month period. Three events were due to terrorist attacks, and the fourth was the Grenfell Tower fire. The aim of this paper was to share the practical lessons identified. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of four MIs in 2017 using patient administration systems, MI documentation and post-incident debriefs. Blood issue, usage and adverse events during the four activation periods were identified using the Laboratory Information Management System (TelePath). RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were admitted (18 P1, 4 P2, 11 P3 and 1 dead). Forty-five blood samples were received: 24 related to nine MI P1 patients. Four P1s received blood components, three with trauma and one with burns, and 35 components were issued. Total components used were six red blood cells (RBC), six fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and two cryoprecipitate pools. Early lessons identified included sample labelling errors (4/24). Errors resolved following the deployment of transfusion staff within the emergency department. Components were over-ordered, leading to time-expiry wastage of platelets. Careful staff management ensured continuity of transfusion services beyond the immediate response period. Debriefing sessions provided staff with support and enabled lessons to be shared. CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion teams were involved in repeated incidents. The demand for blood was minimal. Workload was related to sample handling rather than component issue. A shared situational awareness would improve stock management. A laboratory debriefing system offered valuable feedback for service improvement, staff training and support.

Cataract service redesign in the post-COVID-19 era.

COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has impacted all aspects of clinical practice in the UK. Cataract services suffered severe disruption due to necessary measures taken to reduce elective surgery in order to release capacity to support intensive care requirements. Faced with a potential 50% increase in cataract surgery workload per week in the post-COVID-19 world, eye units should use this event to innovate, not just survive but to also evolve for a sustainable future. In this article, we discuss the inadequacies of existing service rationing options to tackle the COVID-19 cataract backlog. This includes limiting rationing based on visual acuity, limiting surgery to first or only seeing eyes, and postponing clinic and surgical dates according to referral dates. We propose units use the lockdown time to reset and develop a comprehensive patient-centred care pathway using principles of value-based healthcare: the cataract integrated practice units. Developing an agile surgical database that incorporates all aspects of patient need from education to follow-up in their individual cataract journey will allow units to react and plan quickly in the early phase of recovery and beyond. We also discuss the considerations units should bear in mind on telemedicine, modifications for face-to-face clinics, theatre organisation and options of expanding cataract throughput capacity. The pause in elective surgery due to the pandemic may have provided cataract services a rare opportunity to reset and transform cataract service pathways for the digital era.

Public health research in the UK to understand and mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and COVID-19 response measures.

This paper reflects concerns that funding and attention should be expanded from the important focus on those suffering and dying from COVID-19, and the safety and resources of healthcare professionals, to address wider questions on the (unequal) health and well-being impacts of COVID-19 and associated response measures. While immediate priorities such as those outlined in the WHO research agenda are undoubtedly important, additional urgent questions must be addressed. These include questions focused on (1) the non-virus impacts of preparing health and social care systems to cope with COVID-19 and (2) the health effects mediated by the educational, economic and social injuries sustained during the pandemic. Long-term, sustained and co-ordinated interdisciplinary research funding will be needed to address the long-lasting impacts of COVID-19 and its response measures.

"I'd Rather Use a Refuse Bag:" A Qualitative Exploration of a South African Community's Perceptions of Government-Provided Condoms and Participant-Preferred Solutions.

Despite South Africa experiencing one of the largest HIV epidemics in the world, condom use has decreased since 2008. However, condoms are the only low-cost HIV prevention technology widely available in South Africa. This study aims to explore a South African community's perceptions of condoms, recent condom use decrease, and suggestions for increasing condom use. In 2014, we conducted seven focus groups (n = 40 men) and 20 in-depth interviews (n = 9 men, n = 11 women) with participants aged ≥ 18 years recruited from four urban settlement health clinics in Cape Town, South Africa. Data were collected, coded, and analysed using a general inductive approach. Participants perceived government-provided condoms negatively, with themes including "disgust" for condom physical properties, concerns with social status associated with free condoms, and performance concerns. There was an intersection of themes surrounding masculinity, condom use, and sexual pleasure. Solutions to increase condom use included improving the quality and variety of free condoms and rebranding free condoms. Participants suggested that condoms are distributed with novel attributes (e.g., more colors, smells/flavors, sizes, and in-demand brands) and that government programs should consider offering all brands of condoms at no or low cost. This study suggests a substantial rethinking of condom branding for government-provided condoms. Our findings suggest that condom dissemination and promotion programs should proactively address public concerns regarding condoms. Existing societal and structural norms such as hegemonic masculinity must also be addressed using gender-transformative interventions. We also strongly suggest the creation of a Male Condom Acceptability Scale to understand condom users' needs.